For each of the following systems and time intervals, write the appropriate version of Equation 8.2, the conservation of energy equation.
(a) the heating coils in your toaster during the first five seconds after you turn the toaster on
(b) your automobile from just before you fill it with gasoline until you pull away from the gas station at speed v
(c) your body while you sit quietly and eat a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch
(d) your home during five minutes of a sunny afternoon while the temperature in the home remains fixed